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Hue:

Humans see various colours on a personal level. But we broadly classify colours into six - Red, orange, yellow, green, blue, violet. These common colours form the hues. Technically, a colour without any white, black, grey or complementary in it is called a pure hue. Different hues can be obtained by mixing two primaries, two adjacent colours or two complementary colours in equal or unequal proportions.

• Chromatic: Having hue
• Achromatic: Without hue

• Polychromatic: Having many hues

• Monochromatic: Having one hue only

Value:

Value is the lightness or darkness of hue(colour). Adding white paint will make any pigment lighter. Adding black paint will make most pigments darker.

When referring to pigments, dark values with black added are called “shades” of the given hue name. Light values with white pigment added are called “tints” of the hue name. A tone is a mid-range version of the hue when either grey is added to it or the colour is mixed with another hue.

The hues have a natural value where they look the purest. Some colours, like yellow, are naturally light. Some, like violet, are darker.

Contrast of value separates objects in space. The sharper the light falling on a cube, the darker will its shadow(shade) be. The cube’s three surfaces would automatically take on a tint (where the light falls), tone (an area where there is no direct light, but is still accessible to the light) and shade (an area in the dark).

Gradation of value suggests mass and contour of a contiguous surface.

Saturation:

Saturation is essentially the depth of the pigment, or the brightness or dullness of it. It is also called as intensity or chroma. Saturation is what makes a colour intense or dull. More saturation means more pigment. Less saturation equates to a tint or lighter shade of the colour.

Saturation is something that we can’t use to much in the printed world, because in the real world we have a limit to how far we can saturate the colour. But in the digital world it is possible because of the RGB model.

Saturated colours are most used in pop culture, for design of music albums, concerts, film posters and has become a part of the neon colour movement.